Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is a worldwide and hardly controlled virus disease in soybean. Overall, these findings lay the foundation for investigating the genetic basis of apple scab resistance and defense pathways that might have a plausible role in governing scab resistance in apple against V.
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Real-time expression of a set of selected twelve DEGs further validated the results obtained from RNA-seq. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were related to various pathways, i.e., metabolic, protein processing, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, plant hormone signal transduction, autophagy, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, plant-pathogen interaction, lipid metabolism, and protein modification pathways. Furthermore, a total of 361 genes were significantly upregulated in scab-susceptible variety, while 461 were found downregulated (P value 1). DESeq2 analysis too revealed 20 DEGs that were upregulated in scab-resistant cultivars. The genes that were downregulated in susceptible and upregulated in resistant cultivars were those coding for non-specific lipid transfer protein GPI-anchored 1, rust resistance kinase Lr10-like, disease resistance protein RPS6-like, and many uncharacterized proteins. The most upregulated genes uniformly expressed in resistant varieties compared to susceptible ones were those coding for 17.3 kDa class II heat shock protein-like, chaperone protein ClpB1, glutathione S-transferase 元-like protein, B3 domain-containing protein At3g18960-like, transcription factor bHLH7, zinc finger MYM-type protein 1-like, and nine uncharacterized proteins, besides three lncRNAs. The study led to the identification of 822 differentially expressed genes in the tested scab-resistant and scab-susceptible apple genotypes. inaequalis, a comparative transcriptome analysis using Illumina (HiSeq) platform of three scab-resistant (Florina, Prima, and White Dotted Red) and three susceptible (Ambri, Vista Bella, and Red Delicious) apple genotypes was carried out to mine new scab resistance genes. Owing to the evolving susceptibility of resistant apple genotypes harboring R-genes to new variants of V. The disease results in 30–40% fruit loss annually and even complete loss in some places. alternata infection and provide candidate genes for breeding resistant cultivars using genetic engineering.Īpple scab is caused by an ascomycete fungus, Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint., which is one of the most severe disease of apple (Malus × Domestica Borkh.) worldwide. These results provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of poplar resistance to A. alternata, whereas silencing this gene enhanced susceptibility to A. Overexpression of PdbLOX2 enhanced the resistance of P. Therefore, the lipoxygenase gene PdbLOX2, which is involved in JA biosynthesis, was selected for functional characterization. Among these DEGs, those related to JA biosynthesis and JA signal transduction were consistently activated. Numerous transcription factors, such as the bHLH, WRKY and MYB families, were also induced by A. In addition, DEGs that encode defense-related proteins and are related to ROS metabolism were also identified. Functional analysis revealed that the DEGs were mainly enriched for the “plant hormone signal transduction” pathway, followed by the “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis” pathway. Twelve cDNA libraries were generated from RNA isolated from three biological replicates at four time points (0, 2, 3, and 4 d post inoculation), and a total of 5,930 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected (| log 2 fold change |≥ 1 and FDR values < 0.05).
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alternata infection was determined via RNA-Seq. In this study, the transcriptomic response of P. Leaf blight caused by Alternaria alternata has become a common poplar disease that causes serious economic impacts, but the molecular mechanisms of resistance to A. bollena is a species of poplar from northeastern China that is characterized by cold resistance and fast growth but now suffers from pathogen infections.